Paper-making machine.



No. 840,228. PATENTED JAN. 1, 1907.

s. MILNE.

PAPER MAKING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED DEG. a. 1904.

Va M WITNESSES 1 I INVENTOR g/Z ATTORNEYS SAMUEL MILNE, OF EDINBURGH,SCOTLAND.

A PAPERHMAKING MACHENE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

:Patented J'an. i, 1907.

Application filed December 3, 1904. Serial No. 235,326.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL MILNE, a sub- Yect of the King of GreatBritain and Ireand, and a resident of Edinburgh, Scotland,

ave mvented certain new and useful Iniprovements in Paper and PulpMaking Machines, of which the following is a specification.

' pound web without any of the difliculties hitherto connected with themanufacture of such papers on the machines employed for that purposes Myprovements are chiefly connected with the manufacture of compound paers; but some of them are equally applicable-to the ordinary Fourdriniermachine when used for making one thickness of paper.

Several very important advantages will result from my improvements, suchas the material increase in the quality, which will equal the bestFourdrinier papers, crease in output and a handiness and convene ienceof parts hitherto unobtainable on such machines.

In the accompanying drawings, which show diagrammatic views in elevationillustrating'the various modifications of my improvements, Figure 1shows an elevation of my improved machine with one wire-cloth. Fig. 2shows an elevation of my improved machine with four wire-cloths andvarious arrangements of couch and wire rolls. Figs.

3 and 4 show elevations of machines with three wires arranged above eachother, the couch-rolls being arranged in difierent'relative positions inthe two views. Fig.5 shows an arrangement of side bars suitable for themachines shown in Figs l, 2, 3, and 4. Figs.

6 and 7 show other arrangements of side bars and framing, and Fig. 8 isan end elevation of part of Figs. 6 and 7.

In the construction shown in Fig. 1 I arrange a Fourdrinier wire 1 abovethe usual level and cause it to deliver the web of paper oundpapers.such.

and also an in on; the felt 2, which carries it below the wire device tothe press-rolls 3 and 4. At the delivery end-of the wire instead of theusual bottom or inner couch-roll I provide one, 5,'of

preferably larger diameter than usual to bring the wire sufficiently lowdown to meet the felt 2 and allow it to pass underneath.

The usual upper couch-roll may be dispensed with and the couchingperformed on the under side of roll 5 by the roll 6, of which there maybe more than one, as shown at 6 6, and 6. Roll 5 may have a solidsurface or may be perforated to allow water to pass onthe upper sidethrough the wire 1, as well as on the lower side through-the felt 2. Theroll 6 therefore erforms the couching, and jackets may he 's ense'dwith, as the felt 2 takes the place of t e jacket, aswell as acting asthe press-felt. The paper leaves the wire 1 and adhering to the felt 2is carried to the pressrolls 3 and 4, with the wire side u ward, so thatit comes in'contact with t e bare top' roll, this being the exactreverse of an ordinary Fourdrinier machine, in which the wire side isdown or next the felt when passingthrough the first press-rolls. By thisarrangement the first pressure of the bare press-roll 4 is on the wire'side of pa er, which 1s the best possible condition for o literating thewire-mark.

It will be seen that this arrangement delivers the paper at thepress-rolls 3 'and- 4 without it requiring to be touched by hand in muchbetter condition than it is delivered from the second set of press-rollsin an ordinary Fourdrinier machine. In the ordinary machine it must beled twice by hand to get itthrough the second press-rolls. All thelosses incident to leading the paper from the couch-rolls to the secondpress-rolls in an ordinary Fourdrinier machine are therefore saved. s p

' Although for all ordinary papers one set of press-rolls may besuflicient, more sets may be employed, the important point being thatthe wire side of paper comes first in contact with the bare toppress-roll to remove the wire-mark.

The roll 5 instead of bein large diameter, as shown in of the usualdiameter and. be arranged as of relatively 'shown in Figs. 2, A, B, andC. The wire and felt would have all the usual accessories, and the feltmay be carried up as far as necessary on 1g. 1, may be the webof paperin its passage to press-rolls.

' tom wire.

Tnis tray may be permanently secured to the framing of machine or may bemade easily removable. It is obvious that a cloth or other lining can beled onto the roll 5, so that it may be united and pass through with thepa er.

ig. 2 shows an arrangement of four Fourdrinier wires similar to Fig. 1to make quadruplex paper; but one or more may be used.

The wires may be of any convenient length, and different arrangements ofthe rolls at delivery end of the wire are shown, all of them, however,delivering the paper onto a felt 2 passing underneath.

A shows a modification with the wire brought down on a roll 5 of usualdiameter to bring it in contact with felt 2,.

B shows a modification with two rolls 5 5 on the lower part of wire, sothat the water may be allowed to pass through the wire from the paper onthe upper side.

C is similar to A, with an extra roll 8 added to the upper part to makethe angle less acute on roll 11, which could be used as guide-roll.

D is similar to Fig. 1 and is shown with three rolls 6 6 6, which wouldbe very suitable for consolidating the paper and extracting as muchwater as possible before the paper passes to the press-rolls.

It must be distinctly understood that I do not limit myself to thearrangements illustrated of rolls 5 and 6, as it is obviousmodifications can be made to suit the various papers being made.

It is also obvious that cloth or other material may be led onto eitherof the wires A, B, (,,'or D, so as to be fixed on the surface orembedded on the web of paper. The same felt 2 passes under all the wiresand through the press-rolls, and each wire is provided with awater-tight tray 7' under it to prevent leakage onto the web. Figs. 3and 4 show a modification with the wires arranged one above the other.The felt 2 passes downward, coming in contact with each wiresuccessively in its course, and finally it passes to the press-rolls 3and 4 underneath the bot- The felt '2 may, however, be led from thebottom wire with the paper on its under side to a set of reversedpress-rolls similarto ordinary second press-rolls in a-Fourdriniermachine.

The wires may be arranged with their delivery ends vertically or at anangle either way, Figs. 3 and 4 showing two modifications. Rolls 5 and 6may be arranged in different ways to suit the arrangement of wires andthe aper being made. a

All the wires mentioned may be of any suitable length, and provided withall the usual accessories, such as deckles 12 and vacuum-boxes 9, andthe space between breast-roll 14 and vacuum-boxes 9 may be filled withthe usual tube-rolls 13, Fig. 1 or Fig. 2, to extract the water from thepulp in its passage along the wire. This space may, however, be filledwith a flat plate or plates 15, Fi 2 instead of the tube-rolls, torevent t e water from leaving the pulp t1l it partly with tu e-rolls 13,Fig. 2, it being understood that the late is of considerable length inthe direction the wire travelssay not less than about one-tenth of thedistance between the breast-roll14 and vacuum-box 9.

The plate may be arranged to commence near the breast-roll and thetube-rolls near vacuum-box 9. A few tubes may be arranged near thebreast-roll, followed by the plate, which may extend to the Vacuum-box,or tubes may be introduced at each side of the plate, or an endless bandof rubber or like material may be used, and this band may pass round thebreast-roll, as shown dotted in D, Fig. 2, and tube-rolls or aroundseparate rolls, as shown in full line at 15 D, Fig. 2. This band may bearranged to occupy any position or proportion of the space betweenbreast-roll' and vacuum-box. The purpose of these various arrangementsis to rovide means for the proper settling of the bers before the wateris extracted.

At the breast-roll the pulp sometimes flows on with a rush, and thefibers are not in the best condition for forming the best paper they arecapable of making. There is often also a great difierence between thelineal speed of the top and bottom layers of the paper at this part ofthe wire, and when much water is extracted at this part the paper willbe cloudy and irregularly formed.

By the means above described the fibers have time to become thoroughlyinterlaced and uniform and to become quiescent, or nearly so, by beingcarried forward on the wire to the part where the shake is reducedbefore water is extracted either by the tube-rolls 13 or vacuum-box 9,and a much superior quality of paper can be made from the same material.By arranging a few tubes near the breast-roll and before the plate orplates or band a certain quantity of water can be extracted to form thelower surface of the'paper. then be better formed in passing over theplate or band than it would be were water continuously extracted. Themeans de- The upper layer would.

scribed permit. of every range of variation to suit the various kinds ofpa er and materials. As reviously stated, t e wires may be provi ed withthe usual shake motion; but it short they may be stationary or receiveonly a very small shake. The breast-board may be much wider than usual,as shown, 16, Fig. 5, and receives a shaking motion similar to the Wire,or the whole breast-box 17 and breast-board 16 may be rvibrated for the.same purpose.

To provide for a shake in short wires when the delivery end is leddownward to deliver the paper on top of felt 2, I arran e the shake orside bars wlth their ends an joints'carrieddpast the couch-rolls 5 and 6to points 00- inci ent with arcs drawn from the point a, Fig. 5, wherethe wire leaves the upper roll, to the point B, where it meets thelower. roll .5, the center of curvature of this are being the point a-onsurface of 11 per roll, the are being represented by dotted line A Thepracticaleifect of this is to give the wire a gradually-reducing shakefrom breastroll 14 to couch-roll 5, thus taking advantage of the fulllength of the wire between these points. The usual side bars terminateat or about the point 0, Figs. 1 and 5.

By another modification shown in Fig. 6 the whole wire andits roll andfittings (except the bottom roll or rolls 5, which bring the wire incontact with the felt 2) are carried from two side bars 18, which arerigidly fixed to the cross-beam 19. This beam 19 is carried from a lowerbeam 20 by a pin or bolt in the center 23, Fig.8. Beam 20 is stationaryand is carried from the framing of machine.

The breast-roll ends of side bars are connected to the cross-bar21,which may be placed outside the wire, as is usual, or inside,

as shown in Fig. 6. The wire frame at breast-roll end is su orted on theusual adjustable and movab e supports 22, which may be placed under thebreast-roll bearings, as shown, or under the cross-bar 21, as desired.Additional supports may be placed under the side bars, as usual, if theyare of considerable length. The whole upper part of the wire frame willtherefore be supported so that if the breast-roll is vibrated it willreceive a motion round pin 23 as a center, the motion being a circularone instead of a arallel motion, as is obtained when the side ars arecarried on two centers, at the couch-roll ends, as is usual.

The practical result of this arrangement is that the breast-roll and thewire receive a shake without the wire being strained, as all the'upperparts move-as one piece. If the wire is led downward vertically, asshown in Fig. 6, the ends of roll 8 would move in an arc drawnfrom pointB, where the wire meets roll 5 as a center, to a point a, where the wirea horizontal line when the very small extent of motion is taken intoconsideration. It-

follows, therefore, that with the arrangement shown in Fig. 6 the beam19 may be supported at itsouter ends by pieces 24, Fig. 8, to insureahorizontal motion.

When the wire is led downward from roll 8 atan angle, as showii in Fig.7. roll 8 while moving by the action'of the shake in an arc of a circlethe center of which is pin 23 will also receive a motion at its endscorresponding to anarc drawn from point B as a'center to oint a, asshown by are a. The ends of r0] 8 While having a horizontal motion asthe result of the shake will also. have a small vertical motion as aresult of its position in relation to roll 5, these motionsbeing reverseat each end of rollthat is to say, when the front end of roll 8 is movedtoward the left hand it will also drop a little, while the back end willbe moved to the right hand and rise a little. This vertical motion inpractice is very slight and may be provided for by leaving the ends ofbeam 19 free by removing supportingieces 24, Fig. 8, and allowing thewire-clot by its tension to adjust beam and roll to suit, or it may bepro- Vided for by arranging the supports 24 of such a shape as to givethe desired motion in accordance with are (1. Instead of these supports24 this motion may be provided for by using connecting links or rods thecenters of which would coincide with the points B and a. The wholeobject of these various arrangements is to maintain a uniform tension onthe wire-cloth between the rolls 8 and 5.

In Fourdrinier wire has hitherto been so arranged that it is necessarywhen changing wires to take out all the rolls which are inside the wire,the save-alls, and the other parts, excepting the inner couch-rolls,which entails a considerable amount of work and time. To enable thewires to be changed more quickly, I arrange the framing and supports forthe rolls and parts'which are inside the wire so that they come withinthe path of the wire. The cross? bar instead of being placed outside thewire, as is usual,'is placed inside, as shown at 21, Figs. 6 and 7.

The usual supports at breast-rollend may be placed under the breast-rollbearings, as shown in Fig. 6, or they cross-bar 21, the front supportsbeing arranged to be easily removed. The couchroll ends of side bars arecarried from crossbeam 20, and the couch-roll 5 may be carried from thebeam or from adjacent framing. A

frames the framing may be under thepart of the framing 25 is made easilyremovable to allow the wire to be sligped on. The supports 22 may havetapere or sphericalshaped ends resting in suitably-shaped recesses topand bottom, so that they are easily removed when the frame 25 iswithdrawn after the bolts are removed in the usual manner. -To put on anew wire, the breast-roll end is supported by suitable means and frontsupport 22 removed.

The whole of the wire frame, excepting the roll 5, is carried on thebeam 20 and supports 22. The roll 5 may also be supported from the beam20. In the following explanation it is supposed to be so: If the wire isone hundred inches wide,the supports used must have a clear length ofone hundred inches outside the framing. In the case of the breastroll itwould be a long rod or pipe slipped on the end of the spindle, which isalways left long for this purpose; For the beam '20 an suitable barwould do, the beam being pre erably made hollow to admit it. This barshould also be long enough to hold the full width of the wire. Supposethese two supports are in position and the wire over them. Then thebreast-roll is lifted up and support 22 removed, a temporary one beingput on at the outer end beyond the wire. The beam 20 is then lifted andsupported at the outer end of the bar in the same manner. Roll 26 isthen taken out of its bearings and lowered and the frame 25 removed. Itwill be seen that the way is entirely clear for slipping the wire overthe rolls, after which the permanent-supports are put in and thetemporary ones removed, as described. If it is borne in mind that thelifting appliances project far enough outward to suit the full width ofwire, the description will be readily understood.

It will thus be seen that when beam 20and cross-bar 21 arearrangedinside the wire and carrying the rolls and other parts which areinside the wire these parts do not require to be removed when changingwires and also that this system, although only shown in Figs. 6 and 7,is applicable to all Fourdrinier wire frames.

It will be understood that I can use any number of wires in conjunctionto form any desired number of plies in the finished paper and that I mayuse any number of decklestraps on each wire, as also any number ofvacuum-boxes.

I claim as my invention- 1. A paper-making machine, having Four- Idrinier wires in combination with a single felt passing below saidwires,the wires coming in contact with the felt so as to deliver their websonto the felt.

2. A paper-making machine, having Fourdrinier wires, in combination witha single felt passing below said wires, one or more mner couch-rolls soarranged that the. under side of wire is brought sufficiently low downto meet the felt passing underneath.

3. A paper-makin machine, having Fourdrinier wires, in com ination withafelt hav.- ing couch-rolls under the wire and inside the felt, the wirebeing in contact with the felt at the roll, whereby the paper istransferred directly to the upper side of the felt.

4. A paper-making machine, having Fourdrinier wires, in combination witha felt having couch-rolls under the wire and inside the felt to deliverthepaper from the under side of the wire direct to the upper side of thefelt with the wire side uppermost to come first in contact with the toppress-roll.

5. A paper-making machine having Fourdrinier wires, in combination witha felt and press rolls, arranged whereby the paper passes under the wiredirectly onto the felt, with the wire side upward, the paper beingsupported and carried by the felt from the wires to the press-rolls.

6. In paper-making machines of the Fourdrinier class, beams 19 and 21and side bars rigidly fixed thereto, and a pin mounted in the center ofsaid beam 19, in combination with movable supports carrying the breast-.

roll end so that the wire frame is capable of receiving a swingingmotion round pin 23.

. .7. In paper-making machines of the Fourdrinier class, a cross-beam 20and a bar 21 arranged inside the wire in combination with and carryingside bars and other parts which come within the part of the wire fromsaid beam 20 and bar 21 placed inside the wire, whereby a wire can beslipped on without removing these parts.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

SAMUEL MILNE. a. 8.] I

Witnesses:

ROBERT F. Soo'r'r, JAMES GARDNER.

